We show the feasibility of 10 Gb/s 8 channel multi-repeater transmission over dispersion shifted fiber, with the worst case dispersion arrangement. Transmission over 480 km with 120 km long repeater spacing was realized with an orthogonal polarization arrangement and frequency modulated RZ pulse format. Transmissions: Element 120 Guides Privat3man's Guides This item has been removed from the community because it violates Steam Community & Content Guidelines. It is only visible to you. This page contains Transmissions: Element 120 Unlockables for PC called 'Steam Achievements' and has been posted or updated on Jun 17, 2016 by Merci. Ranges of up to 50 kilometers and a top speed of 120 km/h in all-electric mode: ZF's highly integrated plug-in hybrid transmission enables hybrid vehicles to operate like pure electric cars. All thanks to a highly integrated complete system in which the transmission, hybrid module, and power electronics are perfectly matched to each other.
- Transmissions Element 120 Guide
- Transmission 120 Element Game Cheats 4
- Element 120 Game Walkthrough
- Transmission 120 Element Game Cheats Gta Sa
A short single player experience set in the Half-Life Universe featuring a unique gravity defying weapon that allows you to jump buildings and sustain.
Cat. Page | |
Description | Stens Transmission Filter |
Replaces OEM |
|
Fits Models | |
Specs |
Ratings & Reviews
No reviews available
Be the first to
Heat loss through common building elements due to transmission, R-values and U-values - imperial and SI units
The heat transmission through a building wall or similar construction can be expressed as:
Ht = U A dt (1)
where
Ht = heat flow (Btu/hr, W, J/s)
U = overall heat transfer coefficient, 'U-value' (Btu/hr ft2oF, W/m2K)
A = wall area (ft2, m2)
dt = temperature difference (oF, K)
The overall heat transfer coefficient - the U-value - describes how well a building element conducts heat or the rate of transfer of heat (in watts or Btu/hr) through one unit area (m2 or ft2) of a structure divided by the difference in temperature across the structure.
Online Heat Loss Calculator
U-value (Btu/hr ft2oF, W/m2K)
Wall Area (ft2, m2)
Temperature Difference (oF, oC, K)
Common Heat Transfer Coefficients of some common Building Elements
Building Element | Heat-Transfer Coefficient U-value | ||
---|---|---|---|
(Btu/(hr ft2oF)) | (W/(m2K)) | ||
Doors | Single sheet - metal | 1.2 | 6.8 |
1 inch - wood | 0.65 | 3.7 | |
2 inches - wood | 0.45 | 2.6 | |
Roofing | Corrugated metal - uninsulated | 1.5 | 8.5 |
1 inch wood - uninsulated | 0.5 | 2.8 | |
2 inches wood - un-insulated | 0.3 | 1.7 | |
1 inch wood - 1 inch insulation | 0.2 | 1.1 | |
2 inch wood - 1 inch insulation | 0.15 | 0.9 | |
2 inches - concrete slab | 0.3 | 1.7 | |
2 inches - concrete slab - 1 inch insulation | 0.15 | 0.9 | |
Windows | Vertical single glazed window in metal frame | 5.8 | |
Vertical single glazed window in wooden frame | 4.7 | ||
Vertical double glazed window, distance between glasses 30 - 60 mm | 2.8 | ||
Vertical triple glazed window, distance between glasses 30 - 60 mm | 1.85 | ||
Vertical sealed double glazed window, distance between glasses 20 mm | 3.0 | ||
Vertical sealed triple glazed window, distance between glasses 20 mm | 1.9 | ||
Vertical sealed double glazed window with 'Low-E' coatings | 0.32 | 1.8 | |
Vertical double glazed window with 'Low-E' coatings and heavy gas filling | 0.27 | 1.5 | |
Vertical double glazed window with 3 plastic films ('Low-E' coated) and heavy gas filling | 0.06 | 0.35 | |
Horizontal single glass | 1.4 | 7.9 | |
Walls | 6 inches (150 mm) - poured concrete 80 lb/ft3 | 0.7 | 3.9 |
10 inches (250 mm) - brick | 0.36 | 2.0 |
U and R-values
U-value (or U-factor) is a measure of the rate of heat loss or gain through a construction of materials. The lower the U-factor, the greater the material's resistance to heat flow and the better is the insulating value. U-value is the inverse of R-value.
The overall U-value of a construction consisting of several layers can be expressed as
Transmissions Element 120 Guide
U = 1 / ∑ R (2)
where
U = heat transfer coefficient (Btu/hr ft2oF, W/m2K)
Transmission 120 Element Game Cheats 4
R = 'R-value' - the resistance to heat flow in each layer (hr ft2oF/Btu, m2K/W)
The R-value of the single layer can be expressed as:
R = 1 / C = s / k (3)
where
C = layer conductance (Btu/hr ft2oF, W/m2K)
k = thermal conductivity of layer material (Btu in/hr ft2oF, W/mK)
s = thickness of layer (inches, m)
Note! - in addition to resistance in each construction layer - there is a resistance from the inner and outer surface to the surroundings. If you want to add the surface resistance to the U calculator below - use one - 1- for thickness - lt - and the surface resistance for the conductivity - K.
Online U value Calculator
This calculator can be used to calculate the overall U-value for a construction with four layers. Add the thickness - lt - and the layer conductivity - K - for each layer. For fewer than four layers, replace the thickness of one or more layers with zero.
1. s (in, m) k (Btu in/hr ft2oF, W/mK)
2. s (in, m) k (Btu in/hr ft2oF, W/mK)
3. s (in, m) k (Btu in/hr ft2oF, W/mK)
4. s (in, m) k (Btu in/hr ft2oF, W/mK)
Example - U value Concrete Wall
A concrete wall with thickness 0.25 (m) and conductivity 1.7 (W/mK) is used for the default values in the calculator above. The inside and outside surface resistance is estimated to 5.8 (m2 K/W).
The U value can be calculated as
U = 1 / (1 / (5.8 m2K/W) + (0.25 m) / (1.7 W/mK))
= 3.13 W/m2K
Element 120 Game Walkthrough
R-values of Some Common Building Materials
Material | Resistance R-value | |
---|---|---|
(hr ft2oF/Btu) | (m2K/W) | |
Wood bevel siding 1/2' x 8', lapped | 0.81 | 0.14 |
Wood bevel siding 3/4' x 10', lapped | 1.05 | 0.18 |
Stucco (per inch) | 0.20 | 0.035 |
Building paper | 0.06 | 0.01 |
Plywood 1/4' | 0.31 | 0.05 |
Plywood 3/8' | 0.47 | 0.08 |
Plywood 1/2' | 0.62 | 0.11 |
Hardboard 1/4' | 0.18 | 0.03 |
Softboard, pine or similar 3/4' | 0.94 | 0.17 |
Softboard, pine or similar 1 1/2' | 1.89 | 0.33 |
Softboard, pine or similar 2 1/2' | 3.12 | 0.55 |
Gypsum board 1/2' | 0.45 | 0.08 |
Gypsum board 5/8' | 0.56 | 0.1 |
Fiberglass 2' | 7 | 1.2 |
Fiberglass 6' | 19 | 3.3 |
Common brick per inch | 0.20 | 0.04 |
R-values of Some Common Wall Constructions
Material | Resistance R-value | |
---|---|---|
(hr ft2oF/Btu) | (m2K/W) | |
2 x 4 stud wall, uninsulated | 5 | 0.88 |
2 x 4 stud wall with 3 1/2' batt insulation | 15 | 2.6 |
2 x 4 stud wall with 1' polystyrene rigid board, 3 1/2' insulation blanket | 18 | 3.2 |
2 x 4 stud wall with 3/4' insulation board, 3 1/2' batt insulation, 5/8' polyurethane insulation | 22 | 3.9 |
2 x 6 stud wall with 5 1/2' insulation blanket | 23 | 4 |
2 x 6 stud wall with 3/4' insulation board, 5 1/2' batt insulation, 5/8' polyurethane insulation | 28 | 4.9 |
Related Topics
- Heating - Heating systems - capacity and design of boilers, pipelines, heat exchangers, expansion systems and more
Related Documents
- Arithmetic and Logarithmic Mean Temperature Differences in Heat Exchangers - Arithmetic Mean Temperature Difference - AMTD - and Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference - LMTD - formulas with examples - Online Mean Temperature Calculator
- Building Elements - Heat Loss and Thermal Resistivity - Thermal resistance in common building elements - like walls, floors and roofs above and below the ground
- Duct Wrap Insulation - Thermal Resistance - Thermal resistance to heat flow of unfaced and faced duct wrap insulation
- Fluid Heat Transfer Coefficients - Heat Exchanger Surface Combinations - Average overall heat transmission coefficients for some common fluids and surface combinations as Water to Air, Water to Water, Air to Air, Steam to Water and more
- Heat Loss from Buildings - Overall heat transfer loss from buildings - transmission, ventilation and infiltration
- Heating Capacity - Steam Radiators and Convectors - Steam radiators and steam convectors - heating capacities and temperature coefficients
- Heating Systems - Steam and Condensate Loads - Calculating steam and condensate loads in steam heated systems
- Infiltration - Heat Loss from Buildings - Estimated infiltration heat loss from buildings
- Polyurethane Insulation - Thermal conductivity of polyurethane insulation - temperatures and k-values
- Roof Framing - Run, Roof Slope, Gable Height and Gable Area
- Walls - No. of Studs - Calculate the number of studs in a wall
- Water - Thermal Conductivity - Figures and tables showing thermal conductivity of water (liquid and gas phase) with varying temperature and pressure, SI and Imperial units
- Windows - Inside Condensation - Outside temperature, inside humidity and water condensation on the inside of glass windows surfaces
Tag Search
Transmission 120 Element Game Cheats Gta Sa
- en: heat loss u-value
- es: la pérdida de calor u-valor
- de: Wärmeverlust U-Wert